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Editing – Preparation of a manuscript, with any associated graphics and tables etc., for typesetting.
Proofreading – Checking already-typeset material (i.e. a proof of the finished publication exactly as it will appear in print or online) for formatting or other errors which cannot be left in; significant changes at this stage can be expensive as they may affect layout and pagination.
Self-publishing – Assisting an author through the entire process from manuscript to finished publication.
Typesetting – Laying out already-edited text and graphics exactly as they will appear in print or online.
Project management – A flexible term embracing some or all of the stages between the commissioning of a publication and its production in physical form.
Writing – Originating a text, typically based on supplied raw materials or sometimes an interview process.
Training – Imparting the skills required to execute elements of the overall editorial process, such as the various forms of editing.
Copyediting – Correcting spelling, punctuation, vocabulary, and grammar, often following a ‘house style’ or custom style sheet to maintain consistency and clarity throughout.
Line, or stylistic, editing – Sentence by sentence, considering sense, voice, viewpoint, flow, clarity, and consistency, avoiding jargon or cliché, and respecting the intended readership.
Development, or structural, editing – Focusing on the logical flow of ideas and how the material is organized, to improve the clarity and effectiveness of the text as a whole.
Sensitivity reading – Advising on the treatment within a text of persons identifying with class, race, gender, or other groups.
Book coaching – Advising an author on making their book as effective as it can be from a literary and/or publishing standpoint.
Copywriting – Creating text designed to elicit a reaction in the reader, for example to buy a product, join an organisation, contribute funds.
Proposal writing – Creating text designed to elicit funds from a grant-making body, gain permission from a planning authority, or achieve a similar aim.
Content writing – Creating online text for blog posts, social media, and websites, intended to engage a specific target audience, establish authority, and drive website traffic through search engine optimization.
Ghostwriting – Writing a book, typically a memoir, in the name and voice of a generally well-known person with a story to tell but without the time or skill to write it.
Abstracting/summarizing – Creating brief abstracts of technical or professional papers, or summaries of lengthy reports for management or media consumption.
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